The geographical centre of Ulster lies between the villages of Pomeroy and Carrickmore in County Tyrone. A plan to re-link Sligo and Derry through Donegal has been postponed until at least 2030. [30][31][32] These counties, though not officially designated as subject to Plantation, had suffered violent depopulation during the previous wars and proved attractive to Private Colonialists from nearby Britain. However, this did not stop many thousands of Ulster people from emigrating to British North America in this period, where they became known as "Scots Irish" or "Scotch-Irish". The war was partly due to a dispute over who was the rightful claimant to the British Throne, and thus the supreme monarch of the nascent British Empire. The Counties and Baronies of Ulster. Bernd is a travel writer from Germany who has lived in Ireland since the late 1990s and written several German-language tourism guides to the country. The county measures in at 952 square miles (2,466 square kilometers) in size with around 531,000 inhabitants. Six Ulster counties became Northern Ireland, a self-governing territory within the United Kingdom, while the rest of Ireland became the Irish Free State, now the Republic of Ireland. Scegli tra immagini premium su England Counties V Ulster Bank International Team della migliore qualità. bound by counties; and no doubt it is the inscribed portions of the title pages and fly leaves of these volumes that now appear as labels affixed inside their covers. This did not announce its findings until 1925, when the line was again drawn around six of Ulster's nine counties, with no change from the partition of 1920. Donegal is the northernmost county in the Republic, and extends further north than any county in Northern Ireland, sprawling over an area of 1,877 square miles (4,830 square kilometers). For a taste of what it would have been like to leave Ireland and set sail as an immigrant to America, visit the Ulster America Folk Park. In 2018, Sullivan & Ulster (West) Counties PUMA, NY had a population of 109k people with a median age of 44.7 and a median household income of $56,929. All nine counties together make up the north of Ireland, geographically, and six of the nine make up the country of Northern Ireland. The Ó Néill's were from then on established as Ulster's most powerful Gaelic family. 's to the Dáil (one of whom is a Protestant). Ulster, northernmost of the historic provinces of Ireland. It's a good idea to call first. It is the second-largest (after Munster) and second-most populous (after Leinster) of Ireland's four provinces, with Belfast being its biggest city. [33] However, most of the counties, including the most heavily colonised Counties Antrim and Down, were privately colonised. The Irish word for someone or something from Ulster is Ultach, and this can be found in the surnames MacNulty, MacAnulty, and Nulty, which all derive from Mac an Ultaigh, meaning "son of the Ulsterman". They are Cavan, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Tyrone and Donegal. The majority of Irish people were "Jacobites" and supported James II due to his 1687 Declaration of Indulgence or, as it is also known, The Declaration for the Liberty of Conscience, that granted religious freedom to all denominations in England and Scotland and also due to James II's promise to the Irish Parliament of an eventual right to self-determination. The counties of Ulster (modern boundaries) that were colonised during the plantations. Major attractions in the county include the stately Enniskillen Castle and the old monastery site at Devenish - a small island on Lower Lough Erne that can be reached by ferry from Trory Point. Several Ulster counties have switched it up ahead of league battle. The combined influences of several different cultures – the Ulster Scots, the Gaels, the Normans and the Anglo-Normans – have sculpted and colored the Ulster landscape in a particularly unique manner. Within the context of local street searches, angles and compass directions are very important, as well as ensuring that distances in … By the late 14th century the Earldom had collapsed and the O'Neill dynasty had come to dominate most of Ulster, claiming the title King of Ulster. Down (in Irish "An Dún" or "An Dúin") is one of the "Six Counties" in Ulster which belong to Northern Ireland, and are a part of the United Kingdom. Description Legal. Flag_of_Ulster_County,_New_York.png ‎ (373 × 216 pixel, dimensione del file: 16 KB, tipo MIME: image/png) Ulster County, New York is the 21st largest county in New York. Province of Ulster synonyms, Province of Ulster pronunciation, ... six counties forming Northern Ireland and three counties joining the Republic of Ireland. There is a wealth of information for older residents, Veterans and tourists, as well as useful data on Ulster County’s population, environment and economy. English is taught in all schools in the province; Irish (Gaeilge) is taught in all schools in the counties that are part of the Republic, and in schools in Northern Ireland, almost exclusively in the Roman Catholic and Irish-medium sectors. Ulster (/ˈʌlstər/; Irish: Ulaidh [ˈʊlˠəi] or Cúige Uladh [ˌkuːɟə ˈʊlˠə]; Ulster Scots: Ulstèr[5][6][7] or Ulster)[8][9][10] is one of the four traditional Irish provinces, in the north of Ireland. Today, when Irish talk about the provinces of Ireland, they mean Leinster, Ulster, Munster and Connaught. The Titanic was made in Harlan… All land owned by Irish chieftains, the Ó Neills and Ó Donnells (along with those of their supporters), who fought against the English Crown in the Nine Years War, were confiscated and used to settle the colonists. [16] The latter two have yielded the terms Ulidian and Ultonian. County Office Building 244 Fair Street PO Box 1800 Kingston, NY 12402-1800 Phone: (845) 340-3550 Fax: (845) 340-3592. The historic province of Ulster contained nine counties - six which make up present-day Northern Ireland - Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone and three which are now part of the Republic of Ireland - Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan. The main railway lines linking to and from Belfast Great Victoria Street and Belfast Central are: Only five Irish counties, all in Southern and Western Ulster, currently have no mainline railway. Volcanic activity in eastern Ulster led to the formation of the Antrim Plateau and the Giant's Causeway, one of Ireland's three UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The three Ulster counties of Monaghan, Cavan, and Donegal were included in independent Ireland, the Republic of Ireland since 1949. The Ó Domhnaill (O'Donnell) dynasty were Ulster's second most powerful clan from the early thirteenth-century through to the beginning of the seventeenth-century. A minority also speak Irish, and there are Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking regions) in southern County Londonderry, the Gaeltacht Quarter of Belfast and in Donegal, where 25% of the total Gaeltacht population of Ireland is located. Ulster County Board of Elections. NY . p. 113, Byrne, Francis John, Irish kings and high-kings, Batsford, 1987. It seems to be intended as a guide to planned plantings. Salary levels are the lowest on the island of Ireland. Derry is sometimes known as "Stroke City" thanks to its double name. It seems to be intended as a guide to planned plantings. Domnall Ua Lochlainn (died 1121) and Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn (died 1166) were of this dynasty. County Donegal - Ireland's Ultimate North, in the South. The term Ulster has no official function for local government purposes in either country. A dozen new COVID-19-related deaths were reported in Ulster and Sullivan counties this week as the region contends with more than 2,000 active cases. of the ten it has elected to Dáil Éireann, the Lower House of the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland. It is made up of nine counties: six of these constitute Northern Ireland (a part of the United Kingdom); the remaining three are in the Republic of Ireland. Many of them settled in northern Connacht. The Plantation of Ulster (Irish: Plandáil Uladh) was the organised colonisation (or plantation) of Ulster by people from Great Britain (especially Presbyterians from Scotland). Modern Ulster consists of nine counties. From left, Kingston Mayor Steve Noble, state Assemblyman Kevin Cahill, and Ulster County Executive Pat Ryan stand on the lawn outside City Hall … Southeastern New York, a history of the counties of Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Rockland and Putnam by Zimm, Louise Hasbrouck, 1883-1967, editor. In the First Dáil, which was elected in late 1918, Prof. Eoin Mac Néill served as the Sinn Féin T.D. According to tradition, in ancient Ireland it was one of the fifths (Irish: cúige) ruled by a rí ruirech, or "king of over-kings". The Circuit of Ireland Rally is an annual automobile rally held in Ulster since 1931. At the start of the war, Irish Jacobites controlled most of Ireland for James II, with the exception of the Williamite strongholds at Derry and at Enniskillen in Ulster. The border has divided association football teams since 1921. Along with the rest of Ireland, Ulster became part of the United Kingdom in 1801. Belfast is also connected with Carrickfergus and Larne Harbour, Portadown, Newry and onwards, via the Enterprise service jointly operated by NIR and Iarnród Éireann, to Dublin Connolly. Northern Ireland is divided into six counties, namely: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry [n 1] and Tyrone.Six largely rural administrative counties based on these were among the eight primary local government areas of Northern Ireland from its 1921 creation until 1973. There have been cup competitions between I.F.A. Ulster County Community Action Mobile Food Pantry: Ellenville & surrounding areas, for senior citizens and others who are unable to come to the food pantries. It is of note that both the Williamite and Jacobite armies were religiously mixed; William of Orange's own elite forces, the Dutch Blue Guards had a papal banner with them during the invasion, many of them being Dutch Roman Catholics.[40]. Ulster GAA secretary Brian McAvoy has backed the idea of a split season and has warned against any decoupling of the provincial championships from the All-Ireland series in … There are now more than 2,000 active COVID-19 cases in Ulster and Sullivan counties as the numbers continue to spike to record highs as the pandemic rages in the region. As of 2017[update], Northern Ireland has seven Roman Catholic members of parliament, all members of Sinn Féin (of a total of 18 from the whole of Northern Ireland) in the British House of Commons at Westminster; and the other three counties have one Protestant T.D. It contains records from 1660 to 1809. Cavan is one of the three Ulster counties belonging to the Republic of Ireland. Encompassing the counties of Donegal, Cavan, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Derry, Antrim, Down and Armagh, Ulster was originally known by the Celtic name of Ulaid (Ulster in English). 22 issue 1, p. 110; second-largest city on the island of Ireland, local government in the Republic of Ireland, Causeway Coast and Glens District Council, Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon District Council, County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (CDRJC), Learn how and when to remove this template message, Emperor Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire, Demographics and politics of Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, "Table 1. Electorally, voting in the six Northern Ireland counties of Ulster tends to follow religious or sectarian lines; noticeable religious demarcation does not exist in the South Ulster counties of Cavan and Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland. The barony maps are accompanied by three undated maps of Ulster and parts of Ulster (M.P.F. The Ulster Hockey Union organises field hockey in the province and contributes substantially to the all-island hockey team.[47]. Bernd Biege. The Orange Order freely organises in counties Donegal, Cavan and Monaghan, with several Orange parades taking place throughout County Donegal each year. Majority Leader Jonathan Heppner Ulster County (County) is approximately 1,161 square miles, is composed of 20 towns, three villages and one city and has a population of approximately 182,000. The economy of the province improved, as small producers exported linen and other goods. County Cavan - County of Lakes. [11] Lough Neagh, in the east, is the largest lake in the British Isles, while Lough Erne in the west is one of its largest lake networks. The other major Ulster team in the League of Ireland is Finn Harps of Ballybofey, County Donegal. COVID-19 VIRTUAL CENTER. Tommy McKearney, "Northern Ireland: From Imperial Asset to International Encumbrance", in Journal of World-Systems Theory, vol. Ulster This is a map of the six ‘escheated’ counties of Ulster. The Province of Ulster, or in Irish Cúige Uladh, encompasses the North-East of Ireland. Ulster, northernmost of the historic provinces of Ireland. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of Sullivan & Ulster (West) Counties PUMA, NY declined from 109,851 to 108,986, a -0.787% decrease and its median household income grew from $55,352 to $56,929, a 2.85% increase. Ulaidh has historically been anglicised as Ulagh or Ullagh[15] and Latinised as Ulidia or Ultonia. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}54°24′N 7°00′W / 54.4°N 7.0°W / 54.4; -7.0, a. Six of Ulster's nine counties, Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, including the former parliamentary boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry, form Northern Ireland which remained part of the United Kingdom after the partition of Ireland in 1921. Ulster also has a significant drumlin belt. Cultural Map of Ireland Settlements in Ulster with at least 14,000 inhabitants, listed in order of population: The GDP of the province of Ulster is around €50 billion. After 14 years and 110 homes built in Ulster County, it’s fair to say that Charles Petersheim, and the whole team at The Catskill Farms knows what we are doing. The county is 801 square miles (2,108 square kilometers) in size and home to a population of about 247,000 inhabitants. However, historically there were more than 4 provinces: others included Breifne [between Ulster and Connaught], Oriel [around county Armagh] and Meath [the northern half of Leinster]. Upon the outbreak of World War I in 1914, 200,000 Irishmen, both Southern and Northern, of all religious sects volunteered to serve in the British Army. The fighting in Ulster during the Irish War of Independence generally took the form of street battles between Protestants and Roman Catholics in the city of Belfast. Ulster's biggest city, Belfast, has an urban population of over half a million inhabitants, making it the second-largest city on the island of Ireland and the 10th largest urban area in the UK. Belfast to Bangor and Belfast to Lisburn are strategically the most important routes on the network with the greatest number of passengers and largest profit margins. However, for the purposes of ISO 3166-2, Ulster is used to refer to the three counties of Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan only, which are given country sub-division code "IE-U". Six counties were involved in the official plantation – Donegal, Londonderry, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Cavan and Armagh. [34], The official reason for the Plantation is said to have been to pay for the costly Nine Years' War,[35] but this view was not shared by all in the English government of the time, most notably the English Crown-appointed Attorney-General for Ireland in 1609, Sir John Davies:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, A barbarous country must be first broken by a war before it will be capable of good government; and when it is fully subdued and conquered, if it be not well planted and governed after the conquest, it will eftsoons return to the former barbarism. The Belfast-Derry railway line connecting Londonderry railway station, via Coleraine, Ballymoney, Ballymena and Antrim, with Lanyon Place and Belfast Great Victoria Street is a noted scenic route. Ulster County. These refugees' linguistic influence still survives in the dialects of Irish spoken in Mayo, which have many similarities to Ulster Irish not found elsewhere in Connacht. [17], Northern Ireland is often referred to as Ulster,[18] despite including only six of Ulster's nine counties. Ulster County Cities and Towns NOTE: Below are links to take you to web pages that are not controlled by Ulster County Information Services. The Irish name simply means "the fort". The Grand Alliance was a cross-denominational alliance designed to stop French eastward colonialist expansion under Louis XIV, with whom King James II was allied. This lack of trust, however, was largely unfounded as during the 19th and early 20th century important industries in the southernmost region of Cork included brewing, distilling, wool and like Belfast, shipbuilding.[42]. In the aftermath of World War I, the political party Sinn Féin ("Ourselves") won the majority of votes in the 1918 Irish general election, this political party pursued a policy of complete independent self-determination for the island of Ireland as outlined in the Sinn Féin campaign Manifesto of 1918, a great deal more than the devolved government/Home Rule advocated by the (I.P.P) Irish Parliamentary Party. The historic Flag of Ulster served as the basis for the Ulster Banner (often referred to as the Flag of Northern Ireland), which was the flag of the Government of Northern Ireland until the proroguing of the Stormont parliament in 1973. Considerable numbers of Ulster-Scots emigrated to the North American colonies throughout the 18th century (160,000 settled in what would become the United States between 1717 and 1770 alone). Since 1974, the traditional counties have a ceremonial role only. Roman Catholics (descended from the indigenous Irish) and Presbyterians (mainly descended from Scottish colonists) both suffered discrimination under the Penal Laws, which gave full political rights only to Anglican Protestants (mostly descended from English settlers). Kingston Restaurants. William Sherard (1659–1728) was the first biologist in Ulster.[44][45]. According to historian Francis John Byrne the Ulaid 'possibly still ruled directly in Louth as far as the Boyne in the early seventh century'[29] when Congal Cáech made a bid for the kingship of Tara. Learn More Census of Ireland 2016: 296,120 out of 1,521,592 total. About this Worksheet. Photo Credit: Sullivan County. Tyrone (in Irish "Tír Eoghain", in Ulster-Scots "Coontie Owenslann") is one of the six Northern Irish counties and thus part of the United Kingdom. The county of Antrim is around 1,176 square miles (3,046 square kilometers) in size and home to a population of about 618,000. In terms of area, County Donegal is the largest county in all of Ulster. About 62% of the area of Ulster is in the UK while the remaining 38% is in the Republic of Ireland. The quiet county is fairly rural​ and is mainly home to farms, countryside and forest parks perfect for slow strolls. This map is a simplified one, as the amount of land actually colonised did not cover the entire shaded area. This is an online quiz called Counties of Ulster There is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper. It would also be an ideal activity for early finishers.Tags in this resource: map-of-ulster.png At present (August 2007) County Donegal sends six T.D. County Derry - or Londonderry, Names Are Important Here, County Down - Majestic Mountains and a Long Lough, County Fermanagh - the Lakelands, Full of Castles, County Antrim - the Glens and the Causeway Coast. Ulster Scots dialects, sometimes known by the neologism Ullans, are also spoken in Counties Down, Antrim, Londonderry and Donegal.[27]. ^ The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency[2] for 2011 combined with the preliminary results of Census of Ireland 2011 for Ulster (part of).[3]. [citation needed]. Six (Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Derry, and Tyrone) now make up Northern Ireland (see Ireland, Northern Ireland, Northern, division of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (2011 pop. Ulster County, New York's estimated population is 176,728 with a growth rate of -0.48% in the past year according to the most recent United States census data. The counties of Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Derry, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Monaghan and Tyrone make up this ancient province. In April 1914, the UVF assisted with the landing of 30,000 German rifles with 3,000,000 rounds at Larne by blockading authorities. 284 Wall Street, Kingston NY 12401 Phone: 845-334-5470 | Fax: 845-334-5434 Hours: M-F 9am-5pm elections@co.ulster.ny.us. Partition of Ireland, first mooted in 1912, was introduced with the enactment of the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which gave a form of "Home rule" self-government to two areas, Southern Ireland, with its capital at Dublin, and "Northern Ireland", consisting of six of Ulster's central and eastern counties, both within a continuing United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. … [19], Ulster has a population of just over 2 million people and an area of 21,552 square kilometres (8,321 sq mi). In Gaelic games (which include Gaelic football and hurling), Ulster counties play the Ulster Senior Football Championship and Ulster Senior Hurling Championship. The longest river in the British Isles, the Shannon, rises at the Shannon Pot in County Cavan with underground tributaries from County Fermanagh. It is named after the overkingdom of Ulaid, in the east of the province, which was in turn named after the Ulaid folk. The old county town was Belfast City, but the most famous destination in the county is the Giant's Causeway. [41], Most of the 18th century saw a calming of sectarian tensions in Ulster. For the constituent country of the UK, see, Traditional province in the north of Ireland, Republicanism, rebellion and communal strife, Industrialisation, Home Rule and partition. Stop into St. Patrick's Cathedral in Armagh city center, or spend a day on the shores of  Lough Neagh. Modern Ulster consists of nine counties. Jerry Fix, a psychologist with Ulster County Mental Health, receives a COVID-19 vaccination on Friday, Jan. 8, 2021, in the Kate Walton Field House at Kingston High School. The battle was fought near the Woods of Killultagh, just outside the village of Moira in what would become County Down. The lakes are a major draw for fishermen and boaters. In the 1690s, Scottish Presbyterians became a majority in Ulster, due to a large influx of them into the Province. All parties knew that this was certain to be the choice of the Ulster Unionists who had a majority in the parliament, and immediately on the creation of the Free State they resolved to leave it. The county name denotes the "land of Eoghan" (or "land of Owen"), the possessions of an Irish princeling of the semi-mythological era. Please reach out to our staff if you'd like to schedule an appointment. Twitter. Hurling Review of the Year: Ulster counties with reasons to be cheerful Down skipper Stephen Keith with the NHL Division 2B trophy after their final win over Derry. With a size of 1,218 square miles (3,263 square kilometers) and around 150,000 inhabitants, it is centered around the largest town in the county - Omagh. The inflow of Protestant settlers and migrants also led to bouts of sectarian violence with Catholics, notably during the 1641 rebellion and the Armagh disturbances. This is a list of counties of Ireland ordered by population.Counties in the Republic of Ireland are shown in normal type, while those in Northern Ireland are listed in italic type. The addition "London-" was brought in to honor the investment made by the city in the plantation era (and is thus only in current use in unionist circles). When part of the New Netherland colony, the area of present-day Ulster County was called "Esopus" by Dutch settlers after the Esopus tribe of the Lenape indigenous people. In the early 20th century, moves towards Irish self-rule were opposed by many Ulster Protestants, sparking the Home Rule Crisis. Update on guidance to counties and clubs in the ‘Six Counties’ December 8th, 2020 Effective from Friday 11th December, relaxation to the Covid-19 restrictions announced by the NI Executive will allow GAA Clubs in the ‘Six Counties’ to re-commence some of our activities, including: Ulster County Executive Pat Ryan Announces COVID-19 Vaccination Resource Center Posted on: January 7th, 2021 The new online webpage will serve as a hub for information regarding the COVID-19 vaccination process in Ulster County Dissatisfaction with this led to the Irish War of Independence, which formally ceased on 11 July 1921. A short survey of Ireland's Northernmost province. Expand. They do not sing the Irish national anthem but do sing a special song which has been written celebrating the "4 proud provinces" before matches start. This had the effect of interrupting the armed stand-off in Ireland. [24], Most people in Ulster speak English. Loyalist militias, primarily Anglicans, also used violence against the United Irishmen and against Roman Catholic and Protestant republicans throughout the province. oversees the sport in the Republic. The Partition was effectively confirmed by the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921. Six of Ulster's nine counties, Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, including the former parliamentary … The Earls of Ulster divided their territory up into counties; however, these are not considered part of the Crown's shiring of Ireland. (Plus, geographically speaking the county found the furthest to the north on the Emerald Isle politically belongs to "the South" - the Republic of Ireland). It was good that Ulster GAA produced a commemorative programme. The biggest lake in the British Isles, Lough Neagh, lies in eastern Ulster. This article is about the nine-county province of Ireland. The Williamites' victory in this war ensured British rule in Ireland for over 200 years. In football, the main competitions in which they compete with the other Irish counties are the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and National Football League, while the Ulster club champions represent the province in the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. Ulster (Irish: Ulaidh or Cúige Uladh, Ulster Scots: Ulstèr or Ulster) is one of the provinces of Ireland, located in the north of the island.In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths (Irish: cúige) ruled by a "king of over-kings" (rí ruirech).In modern times, clusters of counties have been attributed to certain provinces but these clusters have no legal status. Ulster County COVID Recovery Service Center. The IRA remained relatively quiescent in Ulster, with the exception of the south Armagh area, where Frank Aiken led it. Political tensions resurfaced, albeit in a new form, towards the end of the 18th century. Forty years later, in 1688–1691, the Williamite War was fought, the belligerents of which were the Williamites and Jacobites. 244 Fair Street Kingston, NY 12401 Mailing Address: PO Box 1800 Kingston, NY 12402-1800 Phone: 845-340-3900 Fax: 845-340-3651 Email: vfab[at]co.ulster.ny[dot]us Office Hours: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM Monday-Friday Chair David B. Donaldson. Explore more than 59 'Counties Of Ulster' resources for teachers, parents and pupils In the wake of the failure of this rebellion, and following the gradual abolition of official religious discrimination after the Act of Union in 1800, Presbyterians came to identify more with the State and with their Anglican neighbours, due to their civil rights now being respected by both the state and their Anglican neighbours. In 1654, Johan de Hulter, owner of 20% of the Killian van Rensselaer Company, was granted a patent which, together with the patents of Christoffel Davids and Jacob Jansen Stoll, supplies evidence of the first per…